Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.[Unit-10; Lesson-4(D)]Training the mind can get us $\to a place of flow more$ quickly. Meditation is one way $\to exercise our mental$ muscles. There are many types of meditation, but they all have the same objective: calming the mind, observing our thoughts and emotions, and centering our focus on a single object. The basic practice involves sitting with a straight back and focusing on your breath. Anyone carı do it, and you feel a difference after just one session. By fixing your attention on the air moving in and out of your nose, you can slow the torrent of thoughts and clear your mental horizons. If we want $\to get better at reaching a state of$ flow, meditation is an excellent antidote $\to our smartphones and their notifications constantly clamoring for our$ attention. One of the most common mistakes among people starting $\to meditate is worrying about doing it$ '\right,' achieving absolute mental silence, or reaching 'nirvana.' The most important thing is $\to focus on the$ journey. Since the mind is a constant swirl of thoughts, ideas, and emotions, slowing down the '$centrifuge^{\prime}-even for just a few seconds-can help us feel more rested and leave us with a sense of$ clarity. In fact, one of the things we learn in the practice of meditation is not $\to worry about anything that flits across our mental$ screen. The idea of killing our boss might flash into our mind, but we simply label it as a thought and let it pass like a cloud, without judging or rejecting it. It is only a thought one of the sixty thousand we have every day, according $\to some$ experts. Meditation generates $\alpha and \theta brain$ waves. For those experienced in meditation, these waves appear

\right away, while it might take a half hour for a \begin{ner}\to experierice

them. These relaxing brain waves are the ones that are activated \right before we fall asleep, as we lie in the sun, or \right after taking a hot bath. We all. carry a spa with us everywhere we go. It's just a matter of knowing how $\to get in-something anyone can$ do, with a bit of practice.A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.The term '$centrifuge^{\prime} in the text refers \to$ —

1.Which of the following best describes '$dream^{\prime}$?

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2.The word 'interpretation^{\prime} means ____

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3.How are dreams explained in "The Interpretation of Dreams"?

নড়াইল সরকারি ভিক্টোরিয়া কলেজ · 2025

4.The word 'aggressive^{\prime} means ____

নড়াইল সরকারি ভিক্টোরিয়া কলেজ · 2025

5.How is dream recently dealt with?

নড়াইল সরকারি ভিক্টোরিয়া কলেজ · 2025

6.The word 'cognitive^{\prime} means ____

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7.The word 'prominent^{\prime} could be replaced by _____

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8.How was dream considered by philosophers in the past?

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9.The meaning of the word 'unravel^{\prime} is ____

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10.Read the passage and answer the questions: ADreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected $\to empirical research and scientific$ study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images, focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time, we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important $\to consider that science is still unravelling the exact purpose and function of sleep$ itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential $\to$ mental, emotional and physical well-being.Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According $\to$ Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are "$\ldots. disguised fulfillments of repressed$ wishes."Freud's theory contributed $\to the popularity of dream$ interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them:Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas.One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying $\to interpret external stimuli during$ sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream.Another theory uses a computer metaphor $\to account for$ dreams. According $\to this$ theory, dreams serve $\to$ 'clean $up^{\prime} clutter from the$ mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind $\to prepare for the next$ day.Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the Dreamer is able $\to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe$ environment.Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.Q. What is the closest meaning of '$baffling^{\prime}$?

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11.What does the phrase 'flits across our mental $screen^{\prime} imply about$ thoughts?

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12.According to the text, what happens when we fix our attention on our breath?

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