Read the passage and answer the questions: B Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chance

Question

Read the passage and answer the questions: B Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images, focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time, we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unravelling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are "\ldots. disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes." Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them: Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas. One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream. Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean up^{\prime} clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day. Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the Dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment. Answer the following questions- (a) What, according to the text, are the past and present views of the people about dream? (b) What are the probable feelings of a person about the subject matter of dream? (c) What are the opinions of the researchers about the purpose of dream? (d) How can dream be defined? (e) How is dream related to the brain?

Accepted Answer

(a) In the past, philosophers were curious about dream bur did not have scientific ways to study them. They tried to understand dreams through thinking and discussion. In recent times, scientists have started researching dreams using scientific methods. They now study dreams to find out why people dream and what dreams mean (b) A person may have different feelings about dreams. Sometimes, dreams can be very clear and joyful, making a person feel happy. Other times, dreams care scary and confusing, making a person feel afraid or puzzled. Some dreams are easy to understand, while others are unclear and hard to explain. Some may feel surprised that scientists still do not fully understand dreams. (c) Researchers have different opinions about why people dream. Some believe that dreams have no special purpose, while others think dreams help with mental and emotional health. Some researchers say ay that dreams show our hidden thoughts and desires. Others believe that dreams help organize our thoughts, process information, or even act as a kind of therapy. (d) A dream can be defined as any of the images, thoughts and emotions that we experience during sleep.Dreams are disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes. In a nutshell, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from consciousness and these repressed thoughts or instincts naturally get exposed through dreams. (e) Dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas. Dreams also serve to 'clean up^{\prime} clutter from om our mind to prepare for the next day. A dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.

HSC English 1st Paper CQ — Read the passage and answer the questions: B Dreams have fascinated phil

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