Read the passage and answer the questions: B Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images, focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time, we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unravelling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud wrote that dreams are "$\ldots. disguised fulfillments of repressed$ wishes." Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them: Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas. One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream. Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean $up^{\prime} clutter from the$ mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day. Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the Dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment. Answer the following questions- (a) What, according to the text, are the past and present views of the people about dream? (b) What are the probable feelings of a person about the subject matter of dream? (c) What are the opinions of the researchers about the purpose of dream? (d) How can dream be defined? (e) How is dream related to the brain?

1.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words) [Unit- 8 ; Lesson- 4(H)] How do I Love Thee - Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the \end{s}of being and ideal grace. I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as then strive for

সরকারি হাজী মুহাম্মদ মহসিন কলেজ, চট্টগ্রাম · 2026

2.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words). [Unit-11; Lesson-1(F)] I sit on one of the dives On fifty-Second Street Uncertain and afraid As the clever hopes expire. Of a low dishonest decade: Waves of anger and fear Circulate over the bright And darkened lands of the earth, Obsessing of private lives: The unmentionable odour of death Offends the September night.

কুমিল্লা ভিক্টোরিয়া সরকারি কলেজ · 2026

3.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words) [Unit-8; Lesson-4(H)] How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the \end{s}of being and ideal grace. I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as men strive for

কারমাইকেল কলেজ, রংপুর · 2026

4.Write down the theme of the following poem within 50 words. Because I have seen Bengal's face, I will seek no more, The world has not anything more beautiful to show me. Waking up in darkness, gazing at the fig-tree, I behold Dawn's swallows roosting under huge umbrella-like leaves. I look around me and discover a leafy dome, Jaam, Kanthal, Bat, Hijol and Aswatha trees all in a hush, Shadowing clumps of cactus and zedoary bushes. When long, long ago, Chand came in his honeycombed boat To a blue Hijal, Bat, Tamal shade near the Champa, he too sighted Bengal's incomparable beauty. One day, alas, in the Ganguri, On a raft, as the waning moon sank on the river's sandbanks, Behula too saw countless aswaths bats besides golden ricefields And heard the thrush's soft song, One day, arriving, in Amara, Where gods held court, when she danced like a desolate wagtail, Bengal's rivers, fields, flowers, wailed like strings of bells on her feet.

রাজশাহী কলেজ · 2026

5.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Around 50 words) [Unit-8; Lesson-4(H)] How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the \end{s}of being and ideal grace. I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. I love thee freely, as men strive for

আনন্দ মোহন কলেজ, ময়মনসিংহ · 2026

6.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words) I love to rise in a summer morn, When the birds sing on every tree; The distant huntsman winds his horn, And the skylark sings with me: O what sweet company! But to go to school in a summer morn, O it drives all joy away! Under a cruel eye outworn, The little ones spend the day In sighing and dismay.

মাইলস্টোন কলেজ, ঢাকা · 2026

7.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words) [Unit-11; Lesson-4(F)] How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, and how many $\times must the cannonballs fly Before$ they're forever banned?. The answer, my friend, is

আদমজী ক্যান্টনমেন্ট কলেজ, ঢাকা · 2026

8.Write down the theme of the following poem. [Reading for Pleasure: Poem-Hope] "Hope" is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words - And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - I've heard it in the chilliest land - And on the strangest Sea- Yet - never - in Extremity, It asked a crumb - of me.

ঢাকা কলেজ · 2026

9.Write down the theme of the following poem. (Not more than 50 words) [Unit-8; Lesson-2 (B)] Those Winter Sundays by- Robert Hayden Sundays too my father got up early and put his clothes on in the blueback cold, then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking. When the rooms were warm, he'd call, and slowly I would rise and dress, fearing the chronic angers of that house, Speaking indifferently to him, who had driven out the cold and polished my good shoes as well. What did I know, what did I know of love's austere and lonely offices?

ফৌজদারহাট ক্যাডেট কলেজ, চট্টগ্রাম · 2026

10.Write down the theme of the following poem. [Reading for Pleasure: Poem-Hope] "Hope" is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words - And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - I've heard it in the chilliest land - And on the strangest Sea- Yet - never - in Extremity, It asked a crumb - of me.

রংপুর ক্যাডেট কলেজ · 2026

11.Critically appreciate the following poem identifying theme and subject matter. Also include general interpretation. [Unit-8; Lesson-2(B)] Sundays too my father got up early and put his clothes on in the blueback cold, then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. I'd wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking. When the rooms were warm, he'd call, and slowly I would rise and dress, fearing the chronic angers of that house, Speaking indifferently to him, who had driven out the cold and polished my good shoes as well. What did I know, what did I know of love's austere and lonely offices?

রাজশাহী ক্যাডেট কলেজ · 2026

12.Dreams By Langston Hughes Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow.

ময়মনসিংহ গার্লস ক্যাডেট কলেজ · 2026