Read the passage. Then answer the questions B: Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc. are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as, wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun's heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When the water vapour turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as firewood, alcohol, etc. that are called bioenergy. Scientists have identified hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity. Our Earth's interior contains molten lava which gives off extreme heat. This heat inside the earth produces steam and hot water which can be used as geothermal energy to produce electricity for heating homes, etc. Ocean energy comes from several sources Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too. B. Answer the following questions. (a) What can sunlight be used for? (b) What is biomass, and how is it turned into bioenergy? (c) Why is reliance on fossil fuels problematic? (d) How can the ocean's force of tide and wave be used to produce energy? (e) Explain in 2 or 3 sentences why fossil fuels are considered finite energy resources.

উত্তর: (a) Sunlight can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and other commercial and industrial uses. (b) Biomass is plant or animal waste that we can use to make energy. We turn biomass into bioenergy by burning it to produce heat or electricity. (c) The reliance on fossil fuels is problematic because these are limited and will eventually run out. Also, these will become very expensive in the coming decades and causing global warming. (d) The ocean's tides and waves have a lot of energy because of the movement of water. We can use special machines like turbines to turn that movement into electricity. (e) Fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas, etc. are non-renewable energy they cannot be replenished and eventually, will run off from the earth. That's why they are considered finite energy resources.

SSC ইংরেজি ১ম পত্র CQ — Prosthuti প্রশ্নব্যাংক