Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. Corruption has become a (a)____ (pre-modify the noun) problem in many countries. It prevents development (b)____ (use an infinitive $\to post-modify the$ verb) progress. Corrupt officials take bribes (c)____ (post-modify the verb) their duties. (d)____ (use a possessive $\to pre-modify the$ noun) greed drives them $\to commit$ crimes. (e)____ (pre-modify the noun) measures must be taken $\to fight$ corruption. Transparency and (f)____ (use a noun-adjective) governance are necessary. (g)____ (pre-modify the verb) ensure fairness, independent judiciary is essential. People need (h)____ (use a participle $\to post-modify the$ verb) more aware of their rights. Strict punishment (i)____ (post-modify the noun) lawbreakers can be a deterrent. Efforts (j)____ (use an infinitive $\to post-modify the$ verb) corruption must be united.

1.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Raja, (a) — (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He has (b) — (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c) — (use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d) — (use a demonstrative to premodify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in vain. Raja is (i) — (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents and teachers. He never mixes with (j) — (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great asset of a nation.

2.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali Literature. He was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) — (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c) — (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) — (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). His songs are (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali Literature (g) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) — (use a noun adjective) Literature. He was (i) — (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) — (use an adverbial phrase).

3.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) — (post modify the verb) at the reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b) — (pre-modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand for apology from (c) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan's National Assembly may be within its rights (d) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) — (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan, (f) — (post modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result, the country has become (g) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So Pakistan is going down (h) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr. Jinnah was physically (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state always tried to show its physical strength since (j) — (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth.

4.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — A village doctor is a very (a) — (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is (b) — (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) — (pre-modify the noun) doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) — (post modify the verb). He treats the patients (e) — (use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) — (pre-modify the noun) man. His chamber is (g) — (premodify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine $\to (h)$ — (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) — (pre-modify the noun) villagers.

5.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Sabbir is (a) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) — (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c) — (post-modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost for ever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) — (pre-modify the noun) people. He wants (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village. (f) — (use present participle to pre-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) $\times a$ day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i) — (post-modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal housewife, (j) — (pre-modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays.

6.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) farmer who used (b) — (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people's land. With great effort they married (c) — (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. Their sons also started (d) — (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) — (pre-modify the noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns (f) — (use infinitive to post modify the verb) money. At first they used to send money to their parents (g) — (use an adverb to post modify the verb) but after getting married they barely earned enough to support their (h) — (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) — (post-modify the verb) in the village to feed her old, (j) — (premodify the noun) husband and herself.

7.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) — (pre modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) — (pre modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) — (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e) — (post modify the verb with an adverb). We should select (f) — (pre modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g) — (use adjective to pre modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) — (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) — (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j) — (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us.

8.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) — (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) — (pre-modify the noun) imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the world are (e) — (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation. So, we must stop (f) — (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) — (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If we destroy trees (h) — (use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the verb) one day the country will turn into a great desert. The (i) — (use a participle to pre-modify the noun) temperature will cause greenhouse effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) — (use and infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb).

9.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali Literature. He was a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) — (post modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c) — (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) — (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) — (use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb). His songs are (f) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali Literature (g) — (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) — (use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i) — (use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j) — (use an adverbial phrase).

10.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: — Television has become the most common and (a) — (pre-modify the noun) source of entertainment of the (b) — (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c) — (pre-modify the noun) interest is telecast on (d) — (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) channels. Almost every middle class and even working class families have a television set today. (e) — (use a noun-adjective to pre-modify the noun) programs are (f) — (pre-modify the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) — (pre-modify the adjective) educative too. Courses (h) — (post modify the noun) by the Open University are shown on BTV. (i) — (pre-modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel telecast highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j) — (use an article) addiction for many.

11.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. Bangladesh is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b)— (pre-modify the noun) population. People (c) — (pre-modify the verb with an adverb) depend on agriculture. They grow different kinds of crops (d) —(post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase). We earn (e)— (pre-modify the noun with a noun adjective) currencies by exporting some of these crops. We are also rich in (f)— (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) resources. Now, we are able (g)—(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) natural gas from underground. Our industries are also rising (h) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We export (i) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) products to the developed countries. In this regard, we have already earned a (j) — (pre-modify the noun) reputation.

12.Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. The roads (a) — (use an adjective phrase to post modify the noun) are beset with problems. (b) — (pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them. Most of the drivers are not (c) —(pre-modify the participle) trained. They are not well educated. They can (d) — (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) put their signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent $\to (e)$ — (use a noun adjective) life. They do not realize that life is (f) — (use a determiner) valuable than time. They drive (g) — (post modify the verb). They do (h)— (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) drive consciously. Even they themselves are not conscious of (i) —(use a possessive) own lives. They drive (j) — (use an adverb phrase to post modify the verb) and try to overtake others.