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According $\to a Global Innovation Index report published in July 2018, Bangladesh is ranked 116th out of 126$ nations, the lowest score in Asia below India ranked 57th and Pakistan ranked 109th. The ranking measures key factors such as the political, regulatory and business environments, research and development, infrastructure, investment and credit, knowledge creation and diffusion with a scope of determining how well each country is tackling the issue of energy, education, and quality of life. With such a low rank $\ldots 17th in Asia (which also house the fifth highest ranked innovative country in the$ world, Singapore). Bangladesh has been levelled a nation where innovation rarely takes precedence over conservative thinking and traditional values that make people resistant $\to change or unable \to induce$ it. The government of Bangladesh has initiated several projects since the ruling Awami League party came $\to power in 2009. Mostly floated under the banner and vision of a$ "Digital banglaesh", the projects have since sought

$$\to create a policy framework where individual and organisations can come forward with innovative ideas and receive$$

funding, infrastructure, and knowledge support. Along with a significant push from the private sector in the form of stream "accelerators of $startups^{\prime}, the past that tried decade \to has address seen the a steady many issues that plague the country in various sectors \ldots.$ health, education, transport and other servics "The startup ecosystem in Bangladesh has surely come a long way since we started our journey about 10 years back," says Minhaz Anwar, had of Grameenphone's Accelerator programme. 'The success stories of Pathao, Sheba.xyz and Chaldal are buidling confidence among investors and promoters and at the same time contributing $\to major mind-shift of the young people towards opting for jobs with startups offering home grown solutions as sustainable career$ paths. " While there are portions of the startup ecosystem that have managed $\to enter the fray and stay in the public$ eye, the innovation that comes from continued research and development (R & D) are rooted in solving issues that have not been addressed by the government $\ldots Pathao looks \to reduce wait \times on Dhaka roads by$ jump- starting the concept of motorbike ride-sharing, Chaldal wants $\to reduce the number of people crowding around the city hubs that are traditional bazars by having them order groceries$ online, and Sheba.xyz looks $\to formalise a blue collar service sector that has largely stayed under the radar of who can be considered human capital in the$ country. While these startups are doing well short-term, these R & D projects that can remove the need for private intervention. What is the main theme of the passage?